Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Editorial 346 346 FA Masoud Mirzaei

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Explaining the causes and effective interventions in academic failure from the perspective of conditional students in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences: A qualitative study 347 358 FA ُSomaye Hashemi MSc, school of public health, Department of Health Education, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Alireza Afsharian MSc of Architecture, Apadana Institute, Shiraz, Iran Maryam Afshari MSc of Architecture, Apadana Institute, Shiraz, Iran Fateme Zinati Daneshmand - Assistant Professor, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan university of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran- Assistant Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Bahare Khademi Monfared BSc of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Introduction: Due to the lack of information about the causes of academic failure of university students, as well as the lack of knowledge of effective interventions to prevent and reduce this problem, this qualitative study aims to explain the causes and effective interventions in academic failure from the perspective of conditional students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This research was a qualitative study using descriptive phenomenology approach. The study population was conditional students who were selected through purposive sampling. Interviews with people were conducted in-person and in-depth according to their wishes. The time of each interview was 45 to 60 minutes. The information obtained from the interview was analyzed using the 7-step method of Kleiser. To increase the trust and scientific credibility of the results, Lincoln and Goba methods were used. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 6 classes as effective causes of academic failure, which included academic problems, physical and mental problems, looking to the future, financial problems, us ing technology, and family and social problems. Data analysis led to 4-story extraction as an effective intervention on academic failure, including academic intervention, reduction of physical and mental problems, family and social problems, and other interventions. Conclusion: It is useful to use interventions in the process of reducing academic dropout in students. Interventions such as proper nutrition, reducing the use of virtual space, the presence of a consultant and helping students in time management and planning, multi-stage evaluation according to the courses can be effective.  

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Entrepreneurship in Nursing: a literature review 359 378 FA Fatemeh Hosseinzadeh Tehran University of Medical Sciences Reza Imani Tehran University of Medical Sciences Amir Mohammad Chekeni Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hamid Anvari Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ghazale Roozbahani Tehran University of Medical Sciences Reza Heidari-Soureshjani Tehran University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Nowadays, according to the variety of businesses for entrepreneurial nurses, they can have a tangible role in delivering safe, high-quality, patient-centered, accessible, and economical care through their creative activities. The current study is a review study of entrepreneurial studies to review and summarize data in the field of entrepreneurship in nursing. Methods: In the current review study, articles in English relating to the aim of the study were searched and evaluated by using keywords related to “nurse” and “entrepreneurship” from 2000 to 2021 in various databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Factiva, EMBASE, Scopus and google scholar search engine. The search strategy was written based on Mesh terms and syntaxes specific to each database. Inclusion criteria were relating to the subject and having an accessible full text. The rest of the articles were excluded. Two researchers searched independently. After extracting articles, duplicates were excluded. Then an expert reviewed and categorized included studies. Results: Entrepreneurial nurses need personal, interpersonal, commercial, and strategic skills. They can work as social, business, and inter-organizational entrepreneurs. However; entrepreneurial nurses have been constantly facing numerous personal, sociocultural, academic, organizational, etc. obstacles. Therefore, there must be internal and external stimuli in order to motivate them to overcome these obstacles. Conclusion: Nurses have multiple needs in order to play they’re entrepreneurial role. Thus, it’s necessary to attempt to identify the obstacles and needs of entrepreneurial nurses and solve them to provide the necessary backgrounds for their creative activities so that they can meet the health needs of individuals and societies.  

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Investigating the Effectiveness of Mobile Phone-based Education on Learning Pain Management Skills in Nursing Student 379 391 FA Goli Arji Leila Shahmoradi Marziye Panahi Mahtab Mehranfar Maryam Saeeidi Introduction: Nurses are the first line in assessing the patient's pain and performing palliative measures, and their proper training is essential. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of lecture and mobile phone-based teaching methods on the knowledge and performance of nursing students in patient’s pain management. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental before and after study with two intervention and control groups. The samples included 52 nursing students in Saveh Medical Sciences Faculty. Learners were placed in two intervention (mobile based application) and control (lecture) groups by a simple random method. The data collection tool included a questionnaire to measure the level of awareness and a checklist to measure the pain management skills of patients by the learners. Mann-Whitney, paired t test and independent t test were used to data analysis. Result: After training, students' knowledge scores about pain management increased significantly in both intervention and control groups. In addition, there was a significant difference in the mean score of pain management skill and its measurement among the learners of both groups after the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion: The use of a mobile-based application can improve pain management and pain measurement skills in nursing students. The correct use of these programs can improve the quality of students' learning and also improve their knowledge and skills.  

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Borzuya, The physician: A curriculum output of Khosravani Education 392 400 FA Mahdi Aghabagheri PhD Student, School of Islamic Education, Department of Curriculum Planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Mehrmohammadi Professor, School of Humanities, Department of Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Khosro Bagherinoparast 3Professor, School of Psychology and Education, Department of Philosophical and Social Foundations of Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Introduction: Borzuya, the physician, a sage as well, is one of the prominent figures of Shahnameh in Sassanid era especially in Nushirvan court. In seeking of the immortality tree, he made a voyage to India. Such a burden to bear for memorization and its translation to Pahlavi and then dedication the work made him immortal owing to the allocation of the first chapter as Borzuya, the sage. Methods: Regarding a method fusion of history, analysis, and education, the germane sources were reflected upon and some presuppositions were critically pondered as the similarity of Borzuya and Bozorgmehr. However, these names are two distinguished figures in Shahnameh, a physician and a minister, respectively. Regarding, the concept of development is not allocated to one facet, but it is multifaceted. Also it must be noted that the true outreach won’t come but with comprehensive and true thinking, design, edit, execution and assessment. Results: First, the education of Ancient Persia is categorized as an educational archetype due to interaction of Iranian civilization with its east and west civilizations. Second, the educational implications of Shahnameh can be represented in different levels; basic (art and wisdom education) and supreme (intuition and immortality education). Conclusion:  One of the principles of education including medical education is allocated to the role model presentation for the students. Owing to the personality of Bozuya who was a famous physician and furthermore he was an expert in philosophy, linguistics, literature, and logic, he can be presented as an appropriate role model for any contemporary learner.   

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Examining the Level of Knowledge of Undergraduate Nursing Students about the Principles of Oral and Dental Health based on Oral and Dental Health Indicators: the Experience of Iranian students of the Curriculum 401 417 FA Shahnaz Zare Shiraz university of medical sciences Fatemeh Yazdanpanahi Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Ladan Zarshenas Shiraz university of medical sciences Nasrin Davari Dolatabadi Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences Background: Oral and dental health is one of the components of public health, and improving oral and dental health is one of the most important goals of disease prevention. The integration of oral health in public health care is strongly recommended by the World Health Organization. Nurses can actively participate in the promotion of oral health care. The aim of the research was to assess the need for oral and dental health indicators in the curriculum of nursing students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 119 third- and fourth-year nursing students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were included in the study. Checklist was used as a tool to evaluate students' level of knowledge about oral and dental health, and Chi-square test was used by spss software to analyze the data. Results: There was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and ability of students about oral and dental hygiene with the duration of studying at the university, gender, marital status and grade point average (p>0.05), while there was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge of nursing students in the field of health indicators. There is a significant relationship between mouth and teeth and the need to teach these topics in nursing (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows the weak knowledge and ability of nursing students in the field of oral and dental indicators and the important role of the nurse in the health team, and as a result, the need to include this topic in the curriculum of nursing students and present this topic as part of the internship.  

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 The Comparative Study of Rehabilitation Nursing Curriculum in Iran and Melbourne University of Australia 418 430 FA Leila Rafiee-vardanjani PhD student, Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran Narges Arsalni Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Soheila Zabolipour PhD student, Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran Tahere Gilvari PhD student, Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran Faezeh Khajemirzaie PhD student, Department of Nursing, Student Research Committee, University of Rehabilitation Sciences and Social Health, Tehran, Iran Masoud Fallahi-Khoshknab3 Professor, Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Introduction: The comparison of different educational programs in nursing can improve the content and quality of the educational program and respond to the needs of the society in order to educate and provide the nursing workforce; Therefore, this comparative study was carried out in order to know more about the similarities and differences between the rehabilitation nursing curriculum of Iran and the University of Melbourne. Methods: In this comparative descriptive study in the year 2023, data related to the master's degree program in rehabilitation nursing using the keywords of comparative study, curriculum, master's degree, rehabilitation nursing, Australian course, Iran, and a review of the history and details of the program. The senior expertise of rehabilitation nursing in Iran and Melbourne University was collected. Then, the data was analyzed using the Bereday model in four stages: description, interpretation, adjoining and comparison. Results: The master's degree program in rehabilitation nursing in Iran and the University of Melbourne were different from each other in terms of the manner and conditions of acceptance, the nature of the field, the mission and also the perspective. Conclusion: In order to improve the quality of Iran's rehabilitation nursing education, trying to teach specific rehabilitation clinical skills for special groups and with the participation of society in the process of teaching this field, like the University of Melbourne, can be very fruitful; Therefore, attention to the use of evidence-based nursing should be considered more than before in the revision of this curriculum.  

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Feasibility of implementing a performance monitoring system for health information technology students during the internship 431 442 FA Samane Jalali Bachelor of Health Information Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamideh Ehtesham Assistant professor, Ferdows School of Paramedicine, Department of Health Information Technology, Allied Medicine and Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Introduction: In universities of medical sciences, due to the key role of human resources in people's lives, their training during the internship period is of particular importance. Considering the role of effective assessment of the quality of students' performance, this research has been carried out with the aim of feasibility of implementing a system for monitoring the performance of health information technology students during internship. Methods: This research is descriptive-cross-sectional and among applied studies that was conducted in 1401. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 5 sections including background information and technical, organizational, human and legal dimensions, and the research population was the professors of the health information technology department at the country. The questionnaire was sent via email and finally, the data of 20 completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by descriptive statistics method. Results: The highest average scores for the possibility of implementing the performance monitoring system during internship was related to the legal dimension with 82.3%. And then there were the technical dimension with 80.6%, the organizational dimension with 79.6% and finally the human resource dimension with an average of 76.6%. Conclusion: It is possible to implement the performance monitoring system of health information technology students during internship from technical, organizational, legal and human resources aspects and considering the importance of the internship period and the effective role of performance monitoring tools in the management of activities, it is suggested that necessary measures be taken to implement this system. Keywords: feasibility, performance monitoring system, internship, health information technology

Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd The Journal of Medical Education and Development 2251-7065 18 1 2023 5 1 Necessity of teaching nanotechnology concepts in dentistry, checking the upcoming conditions due to the high speed of changes 443 445 FA sadra amirpour haradasht Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. mehrdad shahraki Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. Currently, the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medical sciences include a very wide range, and new researches remind us that nanotechnology will lead to a change in the classic face of dentistry. Nanotechnology education is an inevitable necessity in today's era and due to the high speed of changes and conditions that we will face in the future, we need to teach nanotechnology science to our dentists, so as not to fall behind in the field of modern science. And we can keep the quality of providing services to the people of our country high. This article, which is a letter to the editor, was written to emphasize the necessity of teaching nanotechnology concepts in dentistry.